Analysis and elimination of crane fault inspection
The whole crane and its components and metal structures are under the action of overload stress, repeated stress, and environmental corrosion, and gradually produce defects from their own failure mechanism. These defects are divided into one defect and two defects. Loosening, deformation, wear, fracture and deterioration are a defect. They are called direct defects. Defects due to a defect are called two defects, such as vibration, noise, heat, leakage, pollution and so on. These defects (failure modes), through the transmission mechanism, will affect the overall performance and strength of the crane. The change of the fault mode and nature and strength is the sign of the anomaly: the observation and measurement of the parameters of the symptoms can predict the occurrence of the fault.
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The overhead bridge crane fault diagnosis technology includes two parts: one is the primary technology to diagnose the normal condition of the crane, the simple diagnostic technology is mainly implemented by field operators; the two is the precise diagnosis technology, which is mainly implemented by professionals for decision-making.
Function of simple diagnostic technique
The tending control of the stress and the detection of abnormal stress in a crane or part.
The deterioration of the crane or its equipment, the trend control of the fault and the early discovery.
The trend control and abnormal detection of the performance and efficiency of the crane or its equipment.
The trend control and abnormal detection of the performance and efficiency of the crane or its equipment.
Points out parts or structures showing fault performance.
The goal of the precise diagnostic technology of precision diagnostic technology is to diagnose the “probably abnormal” location by special diagnostic technology, so as to determine the necessary measures and techniques. It should have the following functions:
Determine the type and type of abnormal.
Analysis and elimination of crane fault inspection
Understand the cause of the abnormality.
Understand the degree of danger and predict the results of its development.
Understand the way to eliminate the failure state.
A method of obtaining diagnostic information
There are two main methods to obtain diagnostic information, one is the direct observation and judgment of the senses, and the two is instrument detection and analysis. The first hand information on the condition of parts and components can be obtained by the direct sensory observation, and then the judgment is made according to the experience. This method can only make qualitative judgments about the observed parts, and often use simple instruments to enrich the sensory observation ability. Instrument detection is a special fault diagnosis instrument for crane and parts vibration and noise measurement, temperature measurement, wear particle analysis, crane or parts performance measurement, to quantitative analysis of faults.
Optimization design of overhead crane hook based on ANSYS
Excellent double girder overhead hook crane is one of a hot sale overhead bridge crane warmly recognized by our clients as its low-cost price and high working performance. Here below in this post at our official overhead crane blog, the Company will introduce some key technologies it has employed on its crane hook products.
The bridge crane hook is the most widely used device and the main bearing part of the lifting equipment. The strength of the hook and the rationality of its design are very important to the safety of the crane.Therefore, the modern finite element analysis method is used to analyze the strength of the hook to find the maximum deformation position of the hook, reveal its stress distribution law and dangerous section, and provide a theoretical basis for the research and design of the hook strength, which has important engineering significance.
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According to the actual working condition, the restraint and load of the crane hook are treated effectively, and the strength of the overhead bridge crane is analyzed by finite element method. The distribution law of the stress and displacement of the hook is obtained, and the dangerous section of the hook is revealed.On the basis of the finite element analysis, the thickness of the hook is optimized under the premise of ensuring the safety of the hook, and the results are compared before and after optimization.After the optimization, the size of the crane hook is more reasonable, and the weight of the hook is reduced.The analysis and optimization results provide a scientific and reasonable basis for the structural design of crane hook.
Establishment and analysis of finite element model
The structure and parameters of the hook are taken as an example of the main lifting straight hook of the 50t/10t bridge crane of a working grade M5 in the actual production, and its structural form is illustrated as shown.The parameters are as follows: single hook, hook number 40, strength grade is M, the maximum thickness of the hook body horizontal section is 200mm, the maximum thickness of the vertical section of the 170mm 150mm. hook shank diameter, the material is DG20Mn, the yield point of the material is 333MPa, tensile strength 510MPa, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3, E=2.1ellPa, density 7860kg/m3. hook maximum allowable bending stress: hook straight rod part maximum allowable tensile stress: simple structure without a hook.
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The finite element model of the hook is established. The geometric characteristics of some transition angles have little influence on the strength. In the Ansys, the generation probability of the distorted mesh will be increased, the calculation time will be increased, and the calculation accuracy will be affected. Therefore, the modeling should be simplified.The element type chooses the hexahedron structure element Solidl85., the upper part of the hook straight handle is added to the constraint, and the whole degree of freedom is restrained.
Because of the actual process of hoisting, lifting will swing, the tension of rope hanging and vertical direction have a certain angle, according to the engineering practice and floating rules, this angle should be controlled at about 30 degrees.Therefore, when the hook load reaches the maximum lifting weight of 50t, and the tension angle of the rope is 30 degrees, the hook is at the most unfavorable load limit condition.
The diameter of the cable for hanging heavy object is D=28mm, that is, the load acting section is about D and the maximum thickness of the middle vertical section of the hook.The load acting on the hook of the suspended cargo rope is simulated by applying the uniformly distributed load on the surface of the 30 sides of the middle vertical plane of the hook.
Mesh generation, adding constraints and applying surface loads are obtained.
The maximum stress of the hook occurs on the inside of the main bending section of the hook (horizontal section), and the maximum stress is 157MPa. The maximum stress of the main bending section (horizontal section) of hook body is about 87MPa, which is less than the allowable stress 214.84MPa.
Hook hook body in the vertical section of the internal stress is larger, as another dangerous section, the maximum stress is about 104MPa.
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The maximum tensile stress of the straight bar of the hook is 69.6MPa, less than the allowable stress 102MPa., so the actual analysis of the stress value is far less than the yield limit of the material, the stress margin is large, indicating that the hook is very safe and can be optimized.
The hook on the hook load optimization force and safety factor requirements are met, the maximum thickness can be reduced and the hook straight shank diameter to optimize the structure and size, the maximum thickness of the horizontal section is reduced from 200mm to 180mm, the maximum thickness of the vertical section is decreased from 170mm to 155mm, shank diameter decreased from 150mm to load 135mm. then applied approximately: the optimized hook remodeling, the constraint remains unchanged, the finite element analysis is carried out again.
Any needs of our hook crane products, please be free to contact us.
Electromagnetic crane is a kind of heavy duty crane, manufactured from our Overhead Bridge Crane Factory, right here below, the company introduces some key technologies that have been employed in our overhead crane system. Any questions, our crane engineer experts are ready to reply to you as soon as possible. The following includes two parts, the first part is the overhead cranes’ magnetic sucker technology introduction, and the second part is the overhead cranes’ control system technology introduction.
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Two categories and uses of magnetic chucks that you don’t know
The two categories and uses of magnetic chucks are the factors that must be taken into consideration when purchasing electromagnetic cranes. Excellent lifting machinery here tells you two categories and uses of magnetic sucker: Magnetic sucker family has automatic magnetic chuck and manual magnetic chuck.
Automatic magnetic chuck is usually used when lifting steel plate and can be freely assembled according to the size of steel plate.The automatic magnetic chuck has the advantages of light structure, convenient operation, strong holding power, no power consumption, safety and reliability, etc..Magnetic chuck helps to improve the working conditions of material conveying operation and improve labor productivity.Therefore, as a kind of efficient, safe, energy-saving new magnetic sling, it has been widely used in shipbuilding, construction machinery and mold manufacturing and other industries.The use of permanent magnet lifting operation does not need an external power supply and electric control parts, the operation is simple and convenient, safe and reliable use, automatically sucking and discharging action.The permanent magnet can be associated with trolleys, cranes and other equipment, which can be used in the single machine, and multiple suction steel billet or another type of steel, durable, easy maintenance, and is an ideal energy saving magnetic suspension.
Manual magnetic sucker is normally used in lifting the workpiece. It is often for the single user, and can also be used in combination with other lifting equipment. The manual permanent magnet lifter has the advantages of small volume, so it has a higher requirement on the thickness of the steel plate.
Application of wireless communication technology in crane linkage control
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Through in-depth study of wireless communication technology, in the multi crane linkage control, our Crane Machinery adopts wireless communication technology.Our company produced 4 cranes for a steel plant, 4 cranes need linkage control, lifting several fixed length objects together, and sometimes need 2 cranes linkage control, and sometimes need 3 cranes linkage control, and sometimes need 4 cranes linkage control.
Overhead crane drawing design
The crane inverter drive and PLC control between PLC and inverter using Profibus-DP communication between a crane and a crane with a wireless communication module for data exchange, using the encoder as the feedback signal, feedback mechanism of each operation distance of each crane, to achieve the purpose of the synchronous running of the multi crane.
AQ-QC 20T Electromagnetic Bridge Crane with Magnet
Lifting mechanism inverter using SIEMENS’s S120 series, operating agencies, frequency converter using internationally renowned lifting accessories brand.
PLC uses SIEMENS’s S7-300 series, with Ethernet communication module.
The wireless communication module uses SIEMENS’s W788 series.
The encoder uses P+F absolute encoder with Profibus-DP communication port.
Overhead crane design drawings include active control switch, single control switch, linkage control switch and wing control switches can control the other 3 cars; the crane machine start button, a stop button, bell switch, lighting switch and various institutions switches.
The buttons and switches of the machine are used to control the operation and stop of the machine, that is, the single crane.
Active control switch and driven control switch are interlocked.
The active control switch is used for the crane to call the car and send control commands to the vehicle.
The slave control switch is used for the crane to do the slave car and receive the control command of the main vehicle.
Single action control switch and linkage control switch interlock each other,
The single action control switch is used to control the individual work of the machine,
The linkage control switch is used to control the linkage and work with other cranes.
single action control switches are installed on the machine used separately to operate the other 3 cranes on the machine.
Programming
configure the hardware of PLC control system: the control system uses SIEMENS STEP7 programming software on the hardware configuration, opens the STEP7 programming software, inserts 300PLC rail, power supply, CPU, Ethernet module, input, and output module, SIEMENS inverter S120 hardware, Yaskawa inverter A1000 hardware, P+F hardware, to save and compile the crane hardware .In this project, the PLC used in the other 3 cars is inserted separately, and the PLC used for each car is saved and compiled respectively.In the configuration network, the 4 PLC constitute the ISO-on-TCP connection network to save and compile the machine configuration.So the hardware configuration is completed.
Compile the communication control program of the machine
This machine communication control program using SIEMENS SFC14 programming software and SFC15 function block, read and write operations on the hardware configuration of S120 inverter; inverter with STARTER software, the communication message using standard message mechanism; the start command, stop and speed command with the given command control and status word S120 converter, and to monitor the state of the word, to realize the protection function; the start command, stop and speed command with the given command control and status word Yaskawa inverter, and to monitor the state of the word, to realize the protection function.
Programming communication control program between 4 sets of PLC
In the STEP7 programming software call FC5 and FC6 function block, through the function block of 4 cranes PLC between sending and receiving data programming.The data of one trolley is sent to another 3 cranes respectively, and the data of 3 other cranes are also received. The data include control commands, speed commands and the distance of each mechanism.
Compile the synchronous control program for each crane of 4 cranes
Using the calculated encoder running distance to various agencies, institutions of a crane running distance as a benchmark, the distance and the reference distance in the other 3 agencies crane operation were compared, if the distance is larger than the reference distance and shows the running speed of the crane of the agency quickly, the operation speed is reduced, given the inverter speed value is small, otherwise, given the speed value, to ensure the synchronization of each mechanism of multi crane.
linkage control program
According to the PLC data transmission, the linkage control switch and single control switch, in the preparation of the control procedures, if the linkage control switch point is closed, the crane in the state; if the single point control switch is closed, the crane work alone, without any control of a crane.Active control switch and the driven control switch plays a role in the linkage control switches closed, the active control switch and the driven control switch, in the preparation of the control program, active control switch point is closed, the crane for active crane can be controlled by the moving crane; closing driven control switch. The crane is driven only by active control of crane, crane, from the train master operation does not work; in the linkage condition, through the operation of the other 3 crane single switch, can control any one of the 1 cranes working alone.
Programming communication interruption program
The clock memory in the cycle/clock memory with the CPU attribute has different scanning periods in each byte of the clock memory, and the timing programming is carried out according to its scanning period.If the wireless communication is interrupted, the clock scanning cycle of CPU will be interrupted, then the timer will be switched on, so as to ensure the normal operation of the interrupt program.
Crane Debugging
Hardware Debugging
According to the characteristics of Profibus-DP communication, according to the hardware configuration, set the DP address of each frequency, set the encoder address, then according to the software, using the online function, whether each from the station are in the online state, put each site hanging in the Profibus-DP communication line.
Frequency converter debugging
First of all, the lifting mechanism of the inverter debugging, the use of STARTER software to debug the inverter, the motor self selective learning, set its control mode for PG loss control.Then the frequency converter of the operating mechanism is debugged, and the control mode is set as PG voltage frequency control mode.Finally, the direction of the motor controlled by the inverter is debugged, and the direction of the motor is consistent with the control direction of the main command.
Software debugging
W788 configuration for wireless communication module: according to the configuration of PLC network, W788 configuration and PLC configuration in the same network segment, only in this way, can exchange data between 4 PLC.
Debugging the program
According to the pulse number of absolute encoder rotation, the number of pulses corresponding to the unit distance is calculated. According to the distance of each mechanism of the crane, the speed is adjusted, and the size of the given speed value is adjusted.At the same time, the communication interrupt protection program should be debugged so as to make the crane stop completely after the wireless communication interruption, and prevent the occurrence of the safety accident.
Through the electrical control design and debugging of 4 cranes, wireless communication can meet the needs of synchronous crane control, and in the case of wireless communication failure, crane safety parking requirements.It is feasible to run the wireless communication module on the special equipment of the crane.
After several decades of development, Crane Structural optimization technology becomes more and more natural, and its good economic performance, in the field of machinery has been widely used. As a large-scale construction machinery, gantry crane can be used to optimize the structure of its metal structure to achieve the purpose of the lightweight structure. At present, many crane enterprises and some colleges and universities such as Southwest Jiaotong University, Dalian University of Technology, Zhengzhou University and other universities are making cooperation on the optimization of the metal structure of the crane and have done a lot of research.
Research on Structural Optimization of Cranes
Structural optimization of gantry crane
Taking the L-type gantry crane as an example, the performance index of the mast is programmed into the program, which is optimized with I SIGHT. The multi-island genetic algorithm is used to optimize the mast. Then, based on the finite element method, the optimal design of the gantry is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of the two optimization schemes are analyzed by comparing the two optimization results. Fan Li Ge combined with the sensitivity analysis technique and the structural optimization design, the parameters with great influence on the total volume of the metal structure of the gantry crane are selected as the design variables, and the optimal design of the structure is completed. Tang Hui firstly took the main gantry as the mast for cross-section optimization, followed by a non-symmetrical outrigger structure to achieve the weight of the crane design. CUI Hua-wei took VB as the development platform, the gantry structure model was established by using APDL language. Based on the static analysis, the maximum equivalent stress and the cantilever deflection were used as the state variables to optimize the gantry structure. On the basis of static analysis of gantry crane, Wang Zhixin has optimized the structure of crane main girder. Chen Guanshun introduced the dynamic displacement as the constraint condition to optimize the design of the gantry crane structure, thus reducing the weight of the gantry crane. Summer aluminum using a genetic algorithm for the gantry crane main beam was optimized design, the crane weight reduced by 11.4%. The structure of the cantilever beam of the gantry crane is optimized by the combination of genetic algorithm and structural optimization technology. Qi Qisong has optimized the main girder structure with some cross-sectional dimensions of the main girder of the gantry crane as the design variable. Sun cave looked at the lower beam of the crane. In the ANSYS, the simplified finite element model of the main girder of the crane is established, and the weight of the main beam is reduced by 18%, and the weight of the main beam is reduced by 18%.
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Structure Optimization of Overhead Bridge Crane
ZHANG Xiao-li (School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China) used the application of multi-objective genetic algorithm in engineering, and the genetic target optimization algorithm based on Pareto ranking is developed. The topological optimization of the main beam was carried out by means of ANSYS software, and the topological optimization model of the initial concept of the main girder was obtained. Cheng Lizhu uses ANSYS software to use the main beam height, width, the thickness of the upper cover plate, the thickness of the lower cover plate and the thickness of the left and right webs as the design variables. The vertical deflection and equivalent stress of the main girder are the state variables, and the total mass of the main beam is the lightest as the objective function, the main beam size optimization, optimized weight reduction of 29%, the effect is more obvious. Meng Wenjun uses ANSYS software to model the main girder and end girder of the crane. The LHS of Mote-Carlo is used to analyze the sensitivity of the crane’s metal system, and the structural parameters with great influence on the bridge are found. Under the premise of ensuring the reliability, the dimensions are optimized. The total weight of the crane reduces to 7.3t. The model of the gantry crane is established in ANSYS, and the effect is optimized. Better than the previous weight reduction of 18.9%, Naresh Chauhan analyzes the stress and strain of the overhead traveling crane. Zhao Qiong established an optimization design model with the key parameters as design variables and proposed an optimization method based on genetic algorithm and finite element analysis. By optimizing the four-bar luffing mechanism, the production cost of a gantry crane and operating costs. Fan chaos theory is introduced into the optimization design of CMS, which saves the computation time and improves the computational efficiency compared with the previous ant colony optimization algorithm. Fan, Xiaoning The sensitivity analysis of the uncertain variables of the bridge crane is carried out. The optimal design model of the overhead bridge crane based on reliability is constructed. Under the premise of satisfying the working performance, the design structure is compared with the traditional design phase, and the weight of the crane is much reduced. Kim and so on the crane boom support structure to establish a three-dimensional model, the use of HyperWorks software to its topology optimization.
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Our always decade itself in most advanced crane technology for providing best excellent crane products for the worldwide customers. With the above research theories’ support, our Crane Machinery can manufacturer different kinds of cranes, featuring in smart, light duty and high-performance structure, which can easily promote your working efficiency to a large degree.
